That caused dozens of property companies to default on their debts, triggering a downturn in the property market that is still dragging on the world’s second-largest economy.

The delisting of a one-time leader

The Hong Kong Exchange said Monday Evergrande’s shares were delisted as of Monday morning, as expected. The shares were last traded Jan. 29, 2024, then suspended after a Hong Kong court ordered liquidation of the company when it failed to provide a viable debt restructuring plan.

Rules of the exchange stipulate that a company’s listing may be cancelled if trading in its securities is suspended for 18 straight months.

Evergrande’s role in China’s property crisis

After years of warnings that led to global rating agencies cutting the Chinese government’s credit rating in 2017, the ruling Communist Party cracked down on real estate debt in 2020. It imposed controls known as “three red lines” that prohibited heavily indebted developers like Evergrande from borrowing more to pay off bonds and bank loans as they matured.

Fears of a possible Evergrande default in 2021 rattled global markets, but they eased after the Chinese central bank said its problems were contained and Beijing would keep credit markets functioning. Evergrande was one of the biggest of many developers that failed to repay creditors.

Chinese homebuyers often pay up front for apartments before they are built. The credit crunch for Evergrande and other developers led them to suspend construction, leaving many projects in limbo. The slowing of home purchases and building rippled throughout the economy, hitting demand for construction materials, appliances and even vehicles at a time when China was also contending with Covid disruptions.

Since most Chinese families have their wealth tied up in property, the weak housing market has been a major factor crimping consumer spending.

The property downturn grinds on

There has been some recovery in the housing sector, but home prices and investment have continued to fall.

Before the crackdown on borrowing, real estate accounted for about 20% of China’s economy. When spending on steel and copper for construction, furniture and other related purchases was added in, estimates of its share of the economy rose to about a third.

China’s leaders have sought to get developers to finish projects and deliver apartments that were already paid for, providing billions in lending and subsidies. They have encouraged local governments to buy up excess apartments to serve as affordable housing and relaxed down payment and mortgage requirements.

They have also lifted many restrictions on purchases of homes for investment purposes in major cities, a move that analysts at HSBC Global Investment Research described as “surprising,” as they came earlier than expected.

Sales and home prices were expected to fall further in August, they said in a recent report.

“We think it’s a positive change showing government’s enhanced proactiveness in rolling out measures, which will help strengthen market confidence and address the concern on stimulus being too late,” it said.

Evergrande’s status

Evergrande, headquartered in Shenzhen near Hong Kong, was founded by entrepreneur Hui Ka Yan, also known as Xu Jiayin, in 1996. Its rise and fall have mirrored the boom and bust in China’s property market after housing reforms allotted apartments built by state-owned industries to employees, creating a nation of homeowners.

The company’s shares were listed in Hong Kong in 2009.

Evergrande filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection in New York City in 2023, but that case was later withdrawn. Although a Hong Kong court ordered a winding up of the company’s debts, more than 90% of its assets are on the Chinese mainland, making it difficult to enforce repayment to creditors.

Its liquidators said in a recent progress report they had received debt claims totalling US$45 billion as of July 31, much higher than the US$27.5 billion of liabilities disclosed in December 2022, and that the new figure was not final. They also had taken control of more than 100 companies within the group with collective assets valued at US$3.5 billion as of Jan. 29, 2024.

So far, about US$255 million worth of assets have been sold, the liquidators said, calling the realization “modest.”